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Coursework Notes - Shape & Space

 

Circles

 

parts

subtended angles

chords

tangents

cyclic quadrilaterals

 

 

The parts of a circle

 

 

circle parts

 

 

centre - the point within the circle where the distance to points on the circumference is the same.

 

radius - the distance from the centre to any point on the circle. The diameter is twice the radius.

 

circumference(perimeter) - the distance around a circle.

 

chord is a straight line joining two points on the circumference.

 

diameter - a chord(of max. length) passing through the centre

 

sector - a region enclosed by two radii and an arc.

 

segment - the region enclosed by a chord and an arc of the circle.

 

tangent - a straight line making contact at one point on the circumference, such that the radius from the centre is at right angles to the line.

 

 

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Subtended angles

 

When a chord subtends an angle on the circumference of a circle, the angle subtended at the centre of the circle is twice the angle.

 

 

circle - subtended angles #1

 

 

A diameter subtends a right-angle at the circumference.

 

 

90 deg. subtended angle

 

angle XPZ = 90 deg.

 

 

Angles subtended by a chord onto the circumference of a circle are equal.

 

 

subtended angles #2

 

angle ADB = angle ACB

 

 

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Chords

 

chord #1

 

 

The line joining the centre of a circle and the mid-point of a chord is perpendicular to the chord.

 

The chord is bisected into two equal halves.

 

XP = PY

 

 

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Tangents

 

 

circles - tangents

 

 

The tangents to a circle from a point are equal in length.

 

AP = BP

 

also,

the tangents subtend equal angles at the centre of the circle

 

angle POA = angle POB

and,

 

the angles between the tangents and the line joining the centre of the circle and the point are equal.

 

angle APO = angle BPO

 

note : Triangle APO and triangle BPO are congruent.

 

 

 

The angle between a tangent and a chord

 

The angle between a tangent and a chord is equal to the angle subtended by the chord in the opposite segment.

 

 

circle - tangent #2

 

angle ZPY = angle PXY

 

 

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Cyclic quadrilaterals

 

Opposite angles in a cyclic quadrilateral add up to 180 deg.

 

 

circle -  quads

 

 

As with all quadrilaterals, the sum of the interior angles = 360 deg.

 

Any exterior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral equals the interior opposite angle.

 

 

 

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